A Great Time at the University of Chicago. A Period of Anxiety. And a Not-So-Great Time in the U.S. Army.

Joe soon found good company at the University of Chicago’s International House.

A photo that he sent to his parents at their request. “This turned out to be a good idea,” he says, “because after the Communists took over Shanghai in 1948, we were cut off for four years.” His fellowship money stopped. To make ends meet, he worked in the heat of a steel mill, became a “third assistant Maitre d’” in the dining-room of Chicago’s Drake Hotel, and took other jobs.

He waves his cap after getting an MBA from Chicago in 1949. He was awarded a PhD in economics shortly afterwards. When he stopped studying, however, he lost his student visa and became really worried.

Being drafted into the U.S. Army seemed almost a relief--it meant he would not be deported to China or the Soviet Union for lack of a proper visa. But he hated basic training at Camp Pickett, Virginia.

To lighten his Army duties, he suggested running a mock-U.N. session. Here he is taking the role of Red China (no one else wanted it!)

He also worked in the Transportation Corps.

Eventually he became a naturalized American citizen. Here is a photo made around that time.